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Èìïåðèÿ â âåùàõ (ðóññêàÿ âåðñèÿ)
The Empire of Things.
Project author - Alexander Petlura. Year of creation - 2000. The
project includes 12 stylistic stories. Each story contains a photo
session, performance and video. The projects are non - commercial
and realized on the author's own expenses.
Alexander Petlura (born 1955) is a Moscow artist. In the history of
Russian alternative art he will remain, first and foremost, a
collector of rubbish. He has been accumulating his phenomenal
collection for the last 25 years. Today the collection numbers more
than 20,000 pieces. Its major part is second-hand clothes, footwear
and utensils found in city dumps, attics and cellars of abandoned
houses. "I'm a collector", - says Petlura about himself, - "I
collect objects which were made by subjects, not I. After the
rubbish stage, the objects go through three other stages. The first
is scientific investigation. Here I am investigating whether an
object could be useful. The second stage is stationary exposition,
the third is theatrical action".
The artistic movement that Petlura works in is described as "New
symbolism". The "New symbolism" method consists of the former object
owner transforming energy by the circumstances under which that
object was found combining it with the artist's own added energy and
fantasy. That is why Petlura's stylistically compositions belong to
Russia's real history as much as they express Petlura's subjective
view on that history. "The Empire of Things" is a truly interactive
project. Having a concrete date of creation, the project continues
to develop both with the audience and the author.
Wearing and using these things which become tomorrow's rubbish, we,
the audiences, together with Petlura, the artist, create "The Empire
of Things".
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Story 1. “Sun flowers.”
Russia is the country of long hard winters and short
summers, so it is not without reason that flowers became the
symbol of the missing sun. In Russia, holiday, happiness,
youth, beauty are, first and foremost, associated with sun
flowers. This composition tells the story of the flower
motive as used on clothing, footwear, accessories and
everyday objects. This story spans over almost a century,
beginning in 1905 (on the left), continuing to develop
together with the collection. Its topic is change (from left
to the right) of ornamentality, technology, materials and
styles - from flowers weaved in cotton at the beginning of
the century, printed drawings on silk, crêpe de Chine,
chiffon to flower tracery on the popular Chinese thermos
flasks or synthetic flowers - nylon, crimplene, Capron,
which came into fashion in the 1960-s. |
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Story 2. “The last tango.”
"The last tango" theme stands for 'farewell to Russia', be
it of white guard refugees, Russian workers chased out of
the country to work in German factories during the Second
World War, mass exodus from the country in the 1970-s (the
two characters at the top), Jews leaving for Israel at the
end of the 1980-s or the stream of people who poured into
the West after Perestroika gathering their suitcases, people
dress in their evening finery and invite their friends to
the restaurants to dance the last tango. The farewell with
the Russia is akin to other festive rites - a wedding (the
characters in the center top) or funerals. This composition
talks about people who are only just preparing to leave the
country and about those, who already look at Russia from
outside, like a group of mad old Russian men from Brighton
Beach (Russian settlement in New York). |
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Story 3. “The Red Guard.”
"The Red Guard" tells the story of the totalitarian images
of Russia. On the right we see the pre-Revolutionary
aristocracy awaiting their fate from the new power and a
group of peasants behind their back. The group on the left
symbolizes the new generation, bearers of a new system of
signs, whose obligatory attribute is the color red
overflowing one sixth of the globe. These new symbols, the
new hierarchy and objects introduced by Soviet regime - the
Red Guard - accompanied a few generations through their
lives. Nothing in the new Russia stands par with the images
of the Young Drummer, gymnasts, revolutionary sailors or the
Pioneer (in center). The unstable decorative language of
democracy is powerless before that which has left an imprint
on the genetic level. |
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Story 4. “Passions of a Spy.”
One of Petlura's findings was a book published right after
the 1917
Revolution. The book is entitled "Special agents training
manual".
The book states that one in three Soviet citizens must be a
state security agent. Hence, the Soviet system assumes that
one third of the USSR population will compile KGB agents and
their stool pigeons. This programm, much like the
construction of communism itself, was never fulfilled, but
spying on and denunciation of each other nonetheless became
an everyday habit of the Soviet citizen, just like washing
your hands. It is impossible to spot the agent, neither
amongst the group of serenely happy intelligentsia (top
left) nor among the lower middle class, indifferent to
everything except their stomach condition and the shape of
their nails (bottom left), not even among the foreign
intelligence agents leaning over USSR map (bottom right).
Agents did not have a 'form'. Passions of a Spy is reflected
by things - the passion for small objects - pocket pistols,
miniature photo cameras, listening devices. |
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Story 5. “Dead scout.”
War is the main theme in the history of 20th century Russia.
The group of characters on the left shows pilots and tank
men, the military elite - subjects of national pride, heroes
of films, books and songs. The group of characters on the
right shows infantry oldies of the first and Second World
War - eternal "gun fodder". Above daughters, having sent off
their fathers to the front and widows having received new of
their husbands' death. The Great Patriotic War (as the
Second World War was called in the USSR) is over in 1945,
but the disabled soldier (in the center of composition)
remains a symbol of Russia to this day. Yesterday they were
heroes - today you can meet them in any suburban train
asking money for an artificial limb. |
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Story 6. “Victory Salute.”
In May 1945, to commemorate the victory over fascist
Germany, the salute of
victory flushed over the USSR. People went out onto the
streets. They laughed,
sang and loved again. Militarized during the war period, the
consumer goods
industry turned its attention to civil needs again.
Individual dressmaking and
tailoring establishments reappeared. Tailoring (in the
center) became a popular profession. Bright colors and
accessories in abundance, gloves and ladies handbags
re-entered women's life. On ordinary days Russians preferred
drab colors, but not on victory days. The country wears
dresses colored like a firework. Now, as women made up the
majority of the country's population (out of the people in
the group at the top, only one man sings "Victory day" - the
anthem of the May Day holiday concerts) bright dresses
expressed not just a joy, but were also worn as a bait to
catch those men still alive. |
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Story 7. “The corn field.”
In 50-s, when the thunder of victory salutes had melted away
in the sky, the routine of everyday life set in again.
Ravaged by the war, the starving country revived its
agriculture. To create an atmosphere of competition, the
Soviet government introduced different labor movements,
involving huge masses of workers, and promotional awards for
those who worked above the standard or honored titles like
"Champion of Communist Labor". The symbol of that era (the
reign of Nikita Khrushchev) is the cornfield. Khrushchev
chose corn to be the main crop. Cornfields covered the whole
country - from Kaliningrad in the West to
Vladivostok in the Far East, from the Black Earth region at
the heart of Russia to the permafrost region in the North
(in the center of the composition we see an old corn vendor,
a typical character of the Russian provinces during those
years). The clothes were mainly made of natural fiber,
decorated with traditional embroidery. Handicraft and
natural textures - wood, felt, linen and straw wickerwork -
came into fashion. |
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Story 8. ”Friendship of nations.”
Fifteen Soviet republics and hundreds of nations populating
the
country - this is the sad story of loss - national traits
and ancient
languages, forefathers' religions and land cultivated for
centuries.
"Friendship of nations" in the history of things - this is
the story of the transformation of national costume under
the influence of the so-called "fraternal nations" as well
as of modern fashion and new technologies. The tradition of
national dressmaking was lost. Next to the character in
authentic male Adzharian dress (in the center of
composition) we see an inhabitant of the Caucasus region in
his new, Soviet image. On the one hand, the country produced
clothes using traditional ornaments and silhouettes (group
at top). On the other hand, Asian women were forced to trade
in their national costume for crimplene dresses and lurex
scarves, which were mass produced by the domestic industry.
Thirdly, fashionably styled dresses were made out of ancient
traditional materials like fur (woman on the bottom). |
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Story 9. “Diamonds for workers.”
In 70-s, Soviet industry began to mass produce materials
imitating precious metals and consumer goods that imitated
luxury articles. Everything from dishes
to footwear, from buttons to watches was covered in gold
leaf. The worker
and the peasant woman started decorating their grey clothes
and boring
apartments. Glitter was applied to cheap things and golden
teeth became the first sign of prosperity. Hierarchy was
determined by the amount of gold in the mouth amongst poor
workers, and petty thieves, those who lost the race for the
cheap, began to fill the prisons. |
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Story 10. “Good-bye doves!”
The beginning of 70-s was the era of the last romantics of
socialism. Somewhere in far off lands, sportsmen and
cosmonauts - mythological heroes - win gold medals and
achieve glory for their motherland. This was the era of the
most despairing projects of the century, when Soviet
enthusiasts turned around rivers-beds, laid down new railway
tracks leading nowhere and built new cities in the middle of
the desert. Sending them to their senseless feat, the people
sang - "Good-bye doves! Fly to the sun and be sure to return
home soon!" In the center of the composition we see a
cosmonaut surrounded by engineers resembling psychiatrists.
Above - sportsmen holding the Olympic fire of the 1980
Moscow Olympic Games. To their right, foreign guests of the
1985 International Youth and Students Festival. Lower left,
city girls in dresses showing the symbols of international
friendship. Above them towers the most significant and
powerful of all mad communist creations: students on
holiday. |
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Story 11. “Thanks for your help.”
The history of Perestroika reflected in the history of
things is the history of viruses. The first virus to strike
the country was the video recorder and with it karate films
on videotapes. The country became infested by a chain of
video stores, situated mainly in the basements of buildings
and semi legal dissident clubs. The second virus was a group
of second-hand stores, which appeared in the country first
under the auspice of humanitarian aid, but then became a
part of the commercial market. The third virus was embodied
by western symbols. Local producers tried their hardest to
make money by selling cheap imitations of western brands.
Camel and Marlboro labels came to cover Moscow produced
clothes. An avalanche of cheap western goods weighed heavily
on the consciousness of the people. Children left behind
their old Soviet toys in favor of Mickey-Mouse, teenagers
frayed their second-hand jeans, dancing brake-dance. So,
thanks for your help. |
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Story 12. “Happy new skunk!”
The only state holiday in Russia which comes close to a
national carnival is a New Year. At least once in his
life-time, every father puts on the costume of Ded Moroz
(the Russian Santa Claus), just like every girl at least
once in her life played the part of Ded Moroz's daughter,
Snegurochka (in the center). Apart from New Year, every
citizen of the country was taking part in the carnival of
everyday life, the costumes for which were provided by the
domestic consumer good industry. Every political skunk,
starting a new era with his rise to power, brought with him
his own image. On the foreground of the composition are 8
political leaders of Russia - from Lenin (with the cow) to
Putin (with bunny ears). Every new era is also characterized
by its own images and silhouettes in the visual sphere. For
the 20-s this was the female body, birdlike and feathered.
Later, the consumer goods industry, with the help of
appropriate materials and models, introduced images of the
squirrel-man, cat-man, duck-man, etc. Through this carnival-
like manner in Russian clothing, which made people look like
animals, the government expressed its attitude towards its
people as the working power. |
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section PERFORMANCES
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